Southern Leyte State University Co-Authors Study Calling for Integrated Action on the Mpox–HIV Syndemic in the Philippines

Recent scientific findings published in the International Journal for Equity in Health (2026) have brought to light a critical challenge facing the Philippine healthcare system: the "syndemic" convergence of mpox and HIV. As the country navigates the complexities of rising infectious disease rates, this research advocates for a fundamental shift in public health strategy—moving away from treating diseases in isolation and toward a more integrated, person-centered approach.

The Syndemic Challenge

A syndemic occurs when two or more epidemics interact in a way that worsens the overall health burden, often fueled by social and structural inequities. In the Philippines, the overlap of mpox and HIV is not merely a coincidence of timing; it is a biological and social interaction. At the biomedical level, the research indicates that individuals with suppressed immune systems due to HIV are at a higher risk for more severe or prolonged manifestations of mpox.

Beyond biology, the study identifies shared transmission patterns and social barriers that exacerbate the crisis. Populations most affected by these viruses often face intense social stigma, poverty, and restricted access to healthcare services. These factors create a cycle of vulnerability where traditional, "siloed" health strategies—those that treat mpox and HIV as entirely separate issues—fail to reach those most in need.

Strategies for a Responsive Health System

To dismantle these overlapping threats, the study proposes a transformative public health framework. A primary recommendation is the implementation of "one-stop-shop" clinical protocols. By integrating mpox screening and care into existing HIV service delivery, healthcare providers can streamline diagnosis and treatment, reducing the burden on patients and improving health outcomes.

The research also emphasizes the indispensable role of community-based organizations (CBOs) and peer-led initiatives. Because these organizations possess deep-rooted trust and cultural competence, they are uniquely positioned to bridge the gap between formal health systems and marginalized communities. Furthermore, the study suggests that leveraging digital health innovations, such as telemedicine and mobile health tracking, can extend the reach of essential services to geographically isolated areas of the Philippines.

Building a Resilient Future

Ultimately, the study argues that a syndemic lens is essential for building a resilient and equitable healthcare system. By addressing the social determinants of health—such as discrimination and economic inequality—alongside clinical treatment, the Philippines can better protect its vulnerable populations. This integrated approach not only addresses the immediate mpox-HIV crisis but also strengthens the country’s foundation for confronting future public health challenges.

Full Reference: Ogaya, J.B., Ong, C.J.N., Guinaran, R.C., et al. (2026). Syndemic convergence of mpox and HIV crisis in the Philippines: implications for integrated and responsive public health action. Int J Equity Health 25, 24. DOI: 10.1186/s12939-026-02757-7.

This research was co-authored by a team of specialists including John Don Opina of the Southern Leyte State University faculty.